The world's oldest ancient image revealed

The world's oldest scracth in the shell was derived from Java, precisely of the Trinil site, in Ngawi, East Java. It is known from the research that published in Nature journal on Monday, December 1, 2014.

Josephine CA Jordens, a researcher at the Faculty of Archaeology at Leiden University, the Netherlands, and her colleagues are parties confirm that the incision is the oldest, dating back 500,000 years ago.

Pseudodon shell with the engraving made by Homo erectus. (Picture from: http://bit.ly/121ZmqP)

Jordens was working on a research project on the use of marine resources by the Homo erectus species at the Trinil site, East Java. Then she analyzed the freshwater mussels shells of the species Pseudodon vondembuschianus trinilensis.

When analyzing, she found the perforations or small holes a few millimeters wide on the mussel shells surface. According to her, it is an indication of the presence of people at that time were trying to open a shell with a sharp tool such as the shark teeth.

The geometric pattern on Pseudodon shell, from left to right, top to bottom: overview (scale bar – 1 cm); schematic representation; detail of main engraving area (scale bar – 1 cm); detail of the engraving (scale bar – 1 mm). (Picture from: http://bit.ly/121ZmqP)

Jordens colleagues then photographing the shell and examined in more detail. Through careful observation, it is known that the incisions on the surface of the shell have a zig-zag shaped.

By the observation under a microscope and then reveals that the zig-zag pattern was made intentionally. The zig-zag lines, each has a length of 1 cm is continuous, uninterrupted, indicates that the author is paying attention to detail.

Jordens and colleagues conducted a calendar on the sediment contained in the shell with argon and luminescence. Dating results reveal that zig-zag pattern was derived from 500,000 years ago, it means not made by Homo sapiens, but Homo erectus.

Detail of the engraving. (Picture from: http://bit.ly/121ZmqP)

"This discovery is very spectacular and potentially change our perspective on early humans," said Nick Barton, an archaeologist from the Oxford University who was not involved in the study.

Is the incision is an art form? Jordens said, "If you do not know the purpose of the person who made it, it is not possible to refer to it as art."

"But, on the other hand, this is an ancient image. It is a way to express themselves. What is the purpose of the person who made it, we do not know," said Jordens as quoted by Nature, on Wednesday, December 3, 2014.

Clive Finlayson, an animal expert from the Gibraltar Museum who also involved in the study, said that the most important of these findings is that early humans already have the ability to think abstractly, the same as modern humans.

Those mussel shells were discovered by Eugene Dubois at Trinil site in 1896. Dubois also found the skeleton of Homo erectus. Skeletons and shells were then sent to the Leiden Museum in 1930. *** [EKA | FROM VARIOUS SOURCES | SCI-NEWS.COM]

Note: This blog can be accessed via your smart phone.

Indonesian Badak ready to hit the world

PT. PINDAD launched its newest product, 6x6 armored vehicles equipped with a 90mm canon weapons systems (turret), and given the name 'Badak' (or 'Rhinos' in English) by the Vice President of the Republic of Indonesia, Mr. Jusuf Kalla some time ago.

"We developed this combat vehicle from the previous armored engineering technology which used in the Anoa (PT. PINDAD's armored personel carrier), and for the weapon systems, we are in collaboration with the Belgian leading turret developer, Cockerill," said Tri Hardjono, PT. PINDAD Director as reported on their official website on Thursday, November 6, 2014.

The newest PT. PINDAD Panzer with 90 mm canon called 'Badak'. (Picture from: http://bit.ly/1AhvQsN)

The 'Badak' panzer born as the results of the study and cooperation of PT. PINDAD with the Cockerill Maintenance et Ingenierie SA (CMI) team. Basic cooperation between the two companies have departed from the 'Memorandum of Understanding' has been agreed two months earlier.

Top view of Badak, the newest PT. PINDAD Panzer with 90 mm canon. (Picture from: http://bit.ly/1I1GZDb)

PT. PINDAD duty to develop the combat vehicles, with the base design of Anoa which modified by using a 6-cylinder diesel engine that is capable of spraying a power of 340 hp. And with a monocoque body is claimed to withstand shots up to 12.7 mm ammunition, and the use of independent double wishbone suspension technology to maintain the stability of the vehicle when fired its 90 mm canon.

Front view of Badak, the newest PT. PINDAD Panzer with 90 mm canon. (Picture from: http://bit.ly/1vTzn0A)

"If all the preparations well then half of next year, the PT. PINDAD and Cockerill will start joint production phase of the 90 mm canon turret," said Tri.

Meanwhile CMI known by the Cockerill brand for its weapons system (turrets) in the world, in this scheme have agreed to make the process of transfer of technology and engineering with PT. PINDAD crew in producing a 90 mm canon armament systems.

The 'Badak' co-operation project involving various experts and staff from both companies and centered on the PT. PINDAD factory facility in Bandung. "We believe the presence of these Badak can support the achievement of Indonesia's defense strategy contained in the Minimum Essential Forces (MEF) in the fulfillment of defense equipment for the Indonesian Armed Forces (Tentara Nasional Indonesia/TNI)," he said.

James Claude, CMI representative added, the presence of this new armored products in addition to supporting the fulfillment of the mandate of the MEF also to prepare the PT. PINDAD personnel reliably in order to enter the world's 90 mm canon armored vehicle market. "CMI will support efforts to develop the PT. PINDAD capacity and expertise, we also will jointly market the new product through the CMI's global marketing network in various countries," said James.

Meanwhile, according to Sena Maulana, PT. PINDAD Communication Department Head, Badak Panzer is superior than South Korean-made Tarantula panzer. "South-Korean Tarantula panzer are both using 90 mm (canon), but Badak is superior on higher maneuverability," as he explained. Not only that, the Badak price was fairly cheap with its technological sophistication (Badak price was far below the Tarantula panzer). *** [EKA | FROM VARIOUS SOURCES | PINDAD | IMQ]

Note: This blog can be accessed via your smart phone.

Airless tires technology are ready to hit

The airless tires are not new to the automotive world and technology development is also very fast. Some well-known tire maker companies such as Bridgestone and Michelin have produced it and ready to be sold to the consumer.

Airless tires technology which is being developed by the Pentagon. (Picture from: http://bit.ly/1xXUrUm)

Here are some airless tires in question:

1. Bridgestone Air-Free Concept Tire

Bridgestone Air-Free Concept Tire is the vehicle tire concept which enables us already do not have to bother to check whether the tire is less air or even to patch because this tire is airless.

The secret of airless tire is in the tire design and development of thermoplastic resins materials that can be recycled easily, this is important because the tire that use this technology will not have problems in recycling.

Unfortunately, this time the Bridgestone airless tire is only able to withstand a weight of 50 kg only, so Bridgestone's focus on the use of this tire on a small electric cars or other light vehicles. Now, we must be patient to wait for the use of this technology on the larger vehicles.

2. Michelin X Radial Tweel Airless Tire

Michelin is going to start producing airless tire, named Michelin X Radial Tweel Airless Tire. Certainty to produce a special airless tire with their announcement of a new plant in North America that will specifically produce airless tire.

Diagram of the Tweel. (Picture from: http://bit.ly/1FqzhAi)

Tweel of the combined two words namely Tire and Wheel (Tweel = Tire and Wheel) is actually combine both of these so if you want to buy this tire should be all the rim too because there may be not mounted on a regular rim.

The Tweel is currently aimed at commercial and agricultural vehicles. (Picture from: http://bit.ly/1FqzhAi)

A matter of used time of Tweel, the company claimed could be used 3 times longer than regular tire and also when there is damage, it can be replaced only the damaged parts only and does not need to be replaced the tires.

However Tweel also could not be enjoyed by the owner of the car because the first production focus of the tires was for the agriculture vehicles so do not be surprised at this time we see all pictures of the airless tire is mounted on the agricultural industry vehicles. So we also must be patient to wait for the use of this technology on our cars. *** [EKA | FROM VARIOUS SOURCES | MICHELINTWEEL]

Note: This blog can be accessed via your smart phone.

5 Fastest Lamborghini Supercars

Automotive enthusiasts certainly familiar with Lamborghini, the Italian supercar manufacturer who successfully spawned many the big-engined and fast cars on the road today. As a manufacturer of luxury sports cars, Lamborghini became one of the names to be reckoned with despite having a competitor that should not be underestimated such as Ferrari.

Lamborghini Diablo SE30 Jota. (Picture from: Carbase)

Especially in recent decades, the successful of Lamborghini made the supercars with technology and machines that arguably leading in the market up to always included in the row of fastest supercars. But did you know which one is the fastest Lamborghini product on the street? Here are 5 fastest Lamborghini supercars.

5. Lamborghini Diablo SE30 Jota - 340 kph

Lamborghini Diablo SE30 Jota be a supercar that can accelerate to a speed of 340 kph. Supercar are included in the category of rare like Diablo GT-R on the market as much as 15 units.

Lamborghini Diablo SE30 Jota. (Picture from: Carbase)

Jota launched to the market by using a V12 engine that can generate power of 595 hp so it is not surprising that the supercar has a top speed above 300 kph. Besides, this supercar can accelerate from 0-100 kph in just 3.7 seconds. Diablo Jota Se30 was in the list of 20 fastest supercars ever produced by Lamborghini in the last 20 years.

4. Lamborghini Murcielago LP670-4 SuperVeloce - 341 kph

One variant of the most interesting Lamborghini Murcielago is the LP670-4 SuperVeloce. Lamborghini Murcielago LP670-4 SuperVeloce is present in the market by using a V12 engine which has a capacity of 6.5 liters, which can generate power to 670 hp.

Lamborghini Murcielago LP670-4 SuperVeloce. (Picture from: SecretEntourage)

This machine is able to make this supercar can be sped up to 341 kph and accelerates from 0-100 kph in just 3.2 seconds.

3. Lamborghini Diablo GT-R - 350 kph

Lamborghini Diablo GT-R became the target of collectors since become one of the world's rarest Lamborghini variant with a number of only 30 units. In addition to rare, Diablo GT-R also hunted for being one of the fastest Lamborghini supercars with a maximum speed of 350 kph.

Lamborghini Diablo GT-R. (Picture from: ForzaMotorsport4.Fandom)

1999-2000-made supercar is present in the market and brought the V12 engine with a capacity of 5.9 liters and capable of spewing power up to 600 hp. No wonder the Diablo GT-R became one of the fastest bull in the streets.

2. Lamborghini Aventador LP700-4 - 350 kph

One of the excellent Lamborghini on the market today is the Aventador LP700-4. Supercar which has a futuristic design, the Aventador LP700-4 is also the second fastest supercar from Lamborghini production line on the streets today.

Lamborghini Aventador LP700-4. (Picture from: Supercars.bg)

With it mounted a V12 engine that can generate power to 700 hp, so this supercar can go up to speeds of 350 kph and accelerates from 0-100 kph in just 2.9 seconds.

1. Lamborghini Veneno - 354 kph

Lamborghini veneno be the fastest product of the Italian supercar manufacturer is once again bearing the most expensive car that ran in the streets. Currently there are only 3 veneno on the market while 9 convertible versions were released afterwards.

Lamborghini Veneno. (Picture from: Fubiz.net)

Present in the market by bringing a V12 engine that can generate power up to 740 hp, making the Lamborghini Veneno can go up to speeds of 354 kph. Indeed, besides having a powerful engine, this supercar is also carrying the body of carbon fiber which makes it have large of the power to weight ratio. *** [EKA | FROM VARIOUS SOURCES | MERDEKA.COM | CARBASE | SECRETENTOURAGE | FORZAMOTORSPORT4.FANDON | SUPERCARS.BG | FUBIZ.NET ]

Note: This blog can be accessed via your smart phone.

It is a four-wheeled scooter not an ATV

When you call Quadro4 as an ATV, then you are wrong because this is the four-wheeled scooter and it can swerving agile when drove cornering and packaged in order to bring freedom, performance and fun.

Switzerland motorcycle manufacturer, Quadro believed and claimed that the Quadro4 is new way of the driving with a four-wheeled motorcycle.

Four-wheeled scooter, Quadro4. (Picture from: http://bit.ly/1y6tD5B)

Thanks to the HTS (Hydraulic Tilting System) technology and independent suspension allows Quadro4 swerving agile in various road conditions.

Right side view of Quadro4. (Picture from: http://bit.ly/1xNCIeu)

The exterior design to bring new breakthroughs as well as using an engine that has a capacity of 346 cc with two-wheel integrated differential. And power which generated by the engine is claimed to reach 30 hp at 7,500 rpm and torque of 24.5 Nm at 5,000 rpm.

Rear side view of Quadro4. (Picture from: http://bit.ly/1rAzWaf)

While braking systems use 240 mm discs at the four wheels and directly controlled from the brake lever on the right. This four-wheeled scooter uses 14-inch wheels at the front and rear that wrapped by 110/80 profile tires.

While the dimensions of this 4-wheeled scooter has a length of 2,180 mm, height 1,340 mm. Its seat just as high as 770 mm was prepared, reasonably fit for the rider who has the body is not too high. The weight of the vehicle is also lightweight at only 257 kg. *** [EKA | FROM VARIOUS SOURCES | AUTOEVOLUTION]

Note: This blog can be accessed via your smart phone.

The offroad vehicles made in Cimahi

Invasion of foreign products apparently did not break the spirit of some of Indonesian automotive  companies to continue to make new breakthroughs to known in the international automotive arena. One of them is PT. FIN Komodo Teknologi with their finest offroad vehicle products.

Komodo KD 250 AT, the offroad vehicles made in Cimahi. (Picture from: http://bit.ly/1pRM0sd)

PT. FIN Komodo Teknologi is an Indonesian automotive manufacturer that produces the offroad utility vehicles which designated for non-asphalt tracks. According to Dewa Yuniardi, Marketing Director of PT. FIN Komodo Technologi that the offroad vehicles with a capacity of 2 people has been produced since 2008 and using a 4-stroke 250 cc engine. 

"Initially we saw that the Indonesian traffic is always crowded and jammed, with none of our production cars was on the streets," said Dewa further. Finally, we chose the technology market for non-asphalt vehicle. The offroad utility vehicles were born as the company's operational vehicles that often operate in the rural, agriculture or mining region. "In a year we could made up to 120 units," he said when met some time ago.

In Komodo KD 250 AT compartment contains two seats. (Picture from: http://bit.ly/1pRM0sd)

"Such as the forestry and plantations companies even the mining. So that distinguishes it from the common asphalt vehicles is the function of the Komodo car itself," he said. The offroad vehicles produced in Cimahi, West Jawa which has 5 types. Starting from the standard type (with/without full accessories), medifec or ambulance, fire brigade, and watering type.

Komodo KD 250 AT has been equipped with a 4 stroke 250 cc engine. (Picture from: http://bit.ly/1pRM0sd)

Ideally, one unit of the offroad vehicle is used to 5 hectares. "That's the ideal. If more than 5 hectares, fear not strong enough. But sometimes there are using 1 unit to 20 hectares as well," said Dewa.

So far, the company has been holding 10 car distributors throughout Indonesia. "Among other in Jambi, Pekanbaru, South Sumatra, East Jawa, West Jawa, Jakarta, East Kalimantan, South Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan and Medan," he said. But unfortunately Dewa did not explain how the price offered for each unit. *** [EKA | FROM VARIOUS SOURCES | FIN KOMODO | MERDEKA.COM]

Note: This blog can be accessed via your smart phone.