Sulawesi cave paintings is as old as the prehistoric art in Europe

The ancient cave paintings in Indonesia is as old as the famous prehistoric art in Europe, according to a new study, which suggests that human ancestors made ​​the image all over the world 40,000 years ago.

And it indicates the modern human creativity (which is rooted in Africa) was more earlier than scientists previously estimated.

This undated handout photo provided by Nature Magazine shows stencils of hands in a cave in Indonesia. Ancient cave drawings in Indonesia are as old as famous prehistoric art in Europe, according to a new study. (Picture from: http://fxn.ws/1rYxQDg)

Archaeologists calculate that a dozen of the red hand stencil images and two detailed images of pig-deer was described as aged between 35,000 to 40,000 years, based on the rate of uranium decomposition. It puts the artwork found in Sulawesi in a period that is approximately the same as the pictures that found in Spain and a famous cave in France.

Hand stencils, like the one pictured above from a cave in Sulawesi, are common in prehistoric art. (Picture from: http://bit.ly/1tcKBvQ)

And one of the hand image in Indonesia, it is estimated at least 39,900 years old, now is the oldest hand stencils image known to science, according to a study published on Wednesday, October 8, 2014 in the journal Nature.

There are more than 100 the cave paintings in Indonesia which has been known since 1950. In 2011, scientists saw a strange rock formations in the paintings called "cave popcorn". Deposits of these minerals can allow researchers using the uranium decomposition technology to determine how old the artwork. So they tested the outcrop, which grow on the image to determine the minimum age. It turned out almost 40,000 years old.

"Whoa, it was not expected," recalls study lead author Maxime Aubert, an archaeologists and geochemists from Griffith University, Australia.

Looking at the cave paintings, the details in the image of the beast "It was made with a very, very good," Aubert said in a telephone interview from Jakarta. "Then when you look at it in context that it's really 40,000 years old, it's amazing."

A fragmented painting of a pig-deer or babirusa (Babyrousa sp.) and hand stencil from one of the caves in Sulawesi, Indonesia. (Picture from: http://bit.ly/1tcKBvQ)

John Shea, a Paleoanthropologist of Stony Brook University, New York, who did not participate in the study, said the findings are important and can change what the science know about human and prehistoric art.

Prior to this discovery, the experts have a Eurocentric view of how, when and where humans began to create works of art, according to Aubert. Knowing when art begins is important because "it defines us as a species," he said.

Because the art of Europe and Asia were basically the same age, it means the art evolved separately and simultaneously in different parts of the world or "most likely when humans left Africa 65,000 years ago they had evolved with the capacity to create paintings , "said Aubert.

The ancient art is not commonly found in Africa due to geological conditions do not preserve it well. Shea and others tend to agree with the earlier art theory. "What the present invention is that when humans began to move out of Africa, they are not too different from us in terms of the ability to use art and symbols," said Shea.

"Many of us who struggle to make a replica of the painting, but they may be more reliable in this case." *** [EKA | FROM VARIOUS SOURCES | VOA NEWS]

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The World's largest electric vehicle

When thinking about electric vehicles, will usually comes to mind is a small size vehicle. Like, a car, bike, or even surfboards. BYD Motors presents a different bow in this year. At the American Public Transportation Association (APTA) Expo in Houston, USA, the company launched a product that is claimed to be the world's largest electric vehicle.

The world's largest battery electric vehicle carries 120 passengers over 170 miles per single electric charge. (Picture from: http://bit.ly/1x3G3a5)

As reported by Gizmag, that the vehicle is named Lancaster Ebus was called as the first electric bus in the US. The name was taken from a city in California, where the bus was designed and built for approximately two years.

External appearance of this vehicle looks like a bus in general. However, the bus was saving a lot of electrical components and advanced propulsion technologies.

Pingshan based company have more expertise in the field of battery instead of a bus. However, now the company philosophy has been shaped into a bus in between the battery, the battery compared between buses.

The company added that the vehicle is able to operate for a full day without recharging. That is, the bus can be charged at night when the frequency is not busy journey.

 

BYD said that the Lancaster battery can be charged as much as 10 times and still operating at 70 percent power. The company also claims that the battery can withstand fire Lancaster and impact. So that the vehicle is also a good bus when the disaster, because the buses can charge and also provide power to the intake of a building that is in a state of emergency. *** [EKA | FROM VARIOUS SOURCES | GIZMAG]

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Scientists put our body tissue in Silicon chip

Testing a new drug to be safe and effective is an expensive and long process. The researchers seek to design a silicon computer chip that can function like a human organ, so the process is faster and cheaper.

Pieces of silicon that is smaller than the hands of children is coated with living cells that function and react like organs in the body. These pieces were created as part of Tissue Chip for Drug Screening program to evaluate the safety of drug compounds.

The program is led by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), which Danilo Tagle served as director. Tagle describe how the three-dimensional pieces that were created in order to mimic the workings of the lungs.

A neurovascular unit on a chip being developed by Vanderbilt University researchers. (Picture from: http://bit.ly/1uCSzLa)

"In that case, the cells will replace the role of an air bag, a special tool designed to breathe and expand, and can suck air and fluid as normal lung. For the heart, this tool will replace the heart muscle, and can demonstrate the ability to expand and deflate and beating heart muscle proper, "he said.

These pieces that contain very small replicas of the digestive system, can function like the human stomach and intestines, which move when digesting food. Drugs included in this small organs and through micro-pipes. Experiment with pieces of this network has resulted in more accurate data than the conventional test using animal models or cell.

NCATS has recently provided a grant of US $ 17 million for the next three years to develop a system of organs of the human body as a whole. "So this will be an integrated, interrelated and function, almost like a human body in a chip," he said.

With an interconnected system, the researchers say they can safely evaluate the impact of a drug on different organ systems, for example, to see the level of liver toxicity, as well as monitor the impact on the targeted organ.

New drugs could have passed the laboratory safety tests on animals, said Tagle. "But once tested in humans, the drug turned out to cause toxic side effects," he said.

Scientists want to streamline the drug development process; they hoped that the network chip is able to recognize which drugs are best and most secure before clinically tested in humans. *** [EKA | FROM VARIOUS SOURCES | VOA NEWS]

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The history of the car creation and development

Ford Model T in their factory on the eastern side
of Woodward Avenue in Highland Park, just north
  of Detroit. (Picture from: CultiraMIx)

This time we will discuss about the history of the car creation and development. The first car is actually just the steam engine mounted on a cart that appears at the end of the 18th century. Steam engines is heavy which makes it a slow and difficult to control. After the steam engine improved, then began to be used by the public in the 19th century.

Although many people have tried to make a perfect car that will work well in a range of prices and markets, the historian argues that Karl Benz was the one who created the modern cars today. He uses the 2-stroke engine type that installed in the car named "Motorwagen". And he began to sell the vehicle in 1888.

Benz Patent Motor Car, 1886. (Picture from: InfoDaimler)

In North America, the first modern automobile made ​​by the Duryea Brothers in Springfield, Massachusetts. The Duryea Brothers car also won the first automobile race in 1895, to compete with the Benz cars. The race was in Chicago, Illinois, with racing along the 82 km. Duryea starts to produce their first commercial vehicle in 1896. In the same year they made ​​13 cars ​​by hand in Springfield, Massachusett.

This original copy of the 1893 Duryea, the first successful gasoline-powered car, will be part of the "History on the Move" car show at the Springfield Museums on Saturday, Sept. 25. The car, which actually runs, will be driven around the Quadrangle during the show. (Picture from: MassLive)

Benz may have found the first modern automobile, and Duryea was the first commercial car that can be produced cheaply, but Henry Ford was the one who controlled the car market at that time. In 1910 he began making and selling the Ford Model T, which was a huge success. Many people who can afford to buy this car because of its affordability, not just the rich, because Ford uses a mass production system. This system allows him to make a lot of the Model T in a short time in a factory. People say that the Model T was the car that "put America on wheels". The Model T was the most popular cars of the time, because it's cheap but has a good quality and quantity that much so it's easy to buy.

1908 Ford Model T. (Picture from: MacsStuff)

Finally, you can be seen an informative infographic that describes of the History of Automobile as follow;

Since then, various types of cars have been created and produced, ranging from minivans to sports cars types. In 1950s the United States was the largest automobile manufacturers and users in the world. And fifty years later, in 2000s China had been the largest car manufacturer and the user. *** [EKA [25102014] | FROM VARIOUS SOURCES | DAIMLER | TECHROGERS | CULTURAMIX | MACSSTUFF.NET ]

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Scientists have uncovered the origins of sex when examining the ancient fish fossils

The Australian team of scientists stated that they had found the origin of sex, or rather the sexual intercourse. Their results are published in the journal Nature, on Sunday, October 19th, 2014.

The origins of sex was found after scientists examined the fossil of Microbrachius dicki, a true primitive bony fish that has a length of 8 cm which were living in the Scotland ancient lake 385 million years ago.

The first animals to use this form of reproduction were the first jawed fish called Microbrachius. (Picture from: http://bbc.in/1yWVlls)

"We have found the starting point when the evolution of internal fertilization in the animal begins. This is a big step," said John Long, a scientist of Flinders University, Australia, who led the study.

Long and his team observed the M. dicki fossils. They found the L-shaped organ. In the further investigation then revealed that it was a genital organ. "The males have some sort of large bone clamp. It is a tool used to transfer sperm to the female," Long said as quoted by the BBC on Sunday.

Scientists researched fossils to show how the fish had intercourse. (Picture from: http://bit.ly/1x7cch0)

Meanwhile, the female have small bone structure at the rear, which can lock the male organ. Scientists think, with a model of the genital organs, the fish may have sexual intercourse with a sideways position.

To be stable in their sexual intercourse position, M dicki assisted by their fins that have functioning resembling the arms. The organs were functioning like Velcro, that helping males position themselves, then its genital organ transferring the sperms.

While the M. dicki antecedents fish reproduce by external fertilization. Males and females to spread their eggs and sperms into the water. The fertilization takes place outside their body.

M. dicki dating back 385 million years ago and are believed to be the first species of internal fertilization. But Long did not elaborate on what prompted this species to do so.

Surprisingly, many of today's fish reproduce by external fertilization, not sexual intercourse. According to Long, the sexual intercourse of fish did not last long. There are the back evolution so the current fish back spreading the sperms and eggs into the water. *** [EKA | FROM VARIOUS SOURCES | BBC]
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Dubai Police's new rides!

Dubai Police is famous for the discipline and also have a super expensive official fleet, even the greatest and most expensive in the world, and making those who are fond of the automotive world being the envy.

Just imagine, the vehicle class of Nissan GT-R, Aston Martin, McLaren MP4-12C, Ford Mustang, Camaro, Ferrari, Bugatti Veyron to the Italian 'Raging Bull', Lamborghini Aventador articipate wearing their green white uniforms.

As if not enough with those supercars, as reported by utoevolution if Dubai Police have yet another new ride. It is the amphibian, Gibss Quadski, the unobstructed vehicle in land and sea.

Dubai Police adds the Gibbs Quadski into their marine fleet. (Picture from: http://bit.ly/1zhvBRP)

Gibbs Quadski uses an inline 4-cylinder engine with a apacity of 1,300 cc and claimed to be capable of producing 140 hp of power and maximum torque of 118 Nm (87 lb ft) with a total weight of 605 kg. Gibbs modified the cooling system, and it now has dual-cooling: closed-loop for land operation and open-loop for wet environments. Make this fearless amphibious vehicle can pursuit the criminals who ran up to a maximum speed of 72 kph (45 mph) at sea surface.

Wow, would have increased the ability of Dubai Police with their new rides. (See another Dubai Police cars fleet) *** [EKA | FROM VARIOUS SOURCES | AUTOEVOLUTION]
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