This virus could be the key to the eradication of dengue fever

Scientists from the University of Queensland found the virus 'good' in mosquitoes that could potentially help efforts eradication diseases caused by mosquitoes such as dengue fever. The virus, known as Parramatta River virus is found in a joint study by scientists from the University of Queensland (UQ) and Sydney University.

Bites of the Aedes aegypti mosquitoes can cause the dengue fever. (Picture from: http://bit.ly/1PRGsIj)

Dr. Jody Hobson-Peters, of the Center for Infectious Disease Research UQ said the Parramatta River virus can only infect mosquitoes and can not infect humans or animals.

"We believe if the mosquito is infected with this virus, then the mosquitoes will be difficult infected with a disease caused by a virus," he said.

This means we may be able to stop the transmission of viral diseases that come from mosquitoes by using these findings. Moreover, the Parramatta River virus belonging to the same family of viruses that cause dengue fever.

Therefore, according to Dr. Hobson-Peters, the virus can be passed from generation to generation in mosquitoes. "This will be a very effective way to overcome the dengue fever virus," said Peters.

He added, "This is an unusual type of virus. We can deliberately infect Parramatta River virus in mosquitoes from infecting diseases such as dengue fever in humans."

Until now, scientists have only found the virus Parramatta River at Aedes vigilax species, which is known to redeem Ross River virus. However, scientists are still searching for the possibility of another virus found in Aedes egypti mosquitoes responsible transmit the dengue fever.

"We are still researching the many viruses that we have found and build a new system to find all kinds of new viruses," said Peters.

According to Peters, if we can prove that this virus and other viruses that we find it really can prevent mosquitoes infected with dengue fever virus, then maybe in the future we can stop this disease as well.

Peters said the researchers also learned a lot about the types of microbes found in the body of the mosquito. Now that he is reviewing new surface course and learn about how the behavior of these mosquitoes.

There are many interactions between microbes and research of this kind has never been done before. "This is a challenging research!" said Peters. *** [EKA | FROM VARIOUS SOURCES | NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC INDONESIA]

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Good fats are essential for consumption

Most people assume the fat is a bad thing to be avoided. Fat is considered to cause obesity and cause various diseases. However, not all fats having an adverse effect on the body, such as omega 3 and omega 6.

According to the Chairman of the Pergizi Pangan Indonesia, Prof Dr Ir H. Hardinsyah MS, that the omega 3 and omega 6 are the polyunsaturated type of fat that can not be produced by the body. Thus, this type of fat, it is very important for the body.

The image of fat cells. (Picture from: http://bit.ly/1kGdpwb)

"This type of fat is important for the body, especially for the development of the child. Because, is forming tissues and cells of the body, "he said at the cooperation event of Blue Band and TP PKK Jakarta, on ​​November 10, 2015.

Furthermore, he said that the omega 3 is the most important, in fact only consumed as much as 39% of the WHO recommendations. Besides important to support optimal growth of the child, omega 3 and 6 have many benefits for the health of the body.

"If we Consume it, can make hair and skin becomes shiny, glowing eyes, can improve the brain's ability to remember, it is important for the quality of a good heart, so good for female hormone and virility," said Prof Hardinsyah further.

Omega 3 and omega 6 can be obtained from various sources of food, ranging from salmon, tuna, palm oil, eggs, tempe, tofu, green vegetables, avocado and margarine that contain omega 3 and omega 6.

Prof. Hardinsyah added to foods containing high omega 3 and omega 6, but it is costly such as tuna and salmon, can be replaced by eating eel. *** [EKA | FROM VARIOUS SOURCES | NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC INDONESIA]

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Repairing Neurons with Blue Light

The nervous system is built to last a lifetime. But different diseases or influence of the environment can defeat the ability of neurons to maintain its function or to repair itself after injury.

A team led by Dr. Hernán López-Schier, Head of the Research Unit of Sensory Biology and Organogenesis at Helmholtz Zentrum München, now successfully developed repair injured nerve circuits in zebrafish.

These are zebrafish neurons projecting to the brain (green). One neuron expresses a light-activatable enzyme (red). Scientist were able to stimulate the regeneration of injured neurons using optogenetics. (Picture from: http://bit.ly/1ldgIdN)

Key to the success of the researchers' is the molecule of cyclic Adenosine MonoPhosphate (cyclic AMP or cAMP), which is produced by an enzyme called adenylate cyclase. For their experiments, scientists used a special form of this enzyme induced by blue light. Therefore, the scientists were able to specifically modulate the production of cAMP in the cell that expresses this enzyme, by using a blue light.

The researchers used this system in zebrafish larvae that have disrupted its lateral sensory nerves.

"When the blue light illuminates the severed nerves showed the ability photoactive adenylyl cyclase, repair them increases dramatically," said Xiao Yan, a student of PhD candidate who is first author of the study.

In simple terms, the scientists were able to stimulate repair neuronal circuits by increasing cAMP with blue light.

"The optogenetics has revolutionized neurobiology, because this method has been used to modify for instance the electrical activity of neurons. However, our results show for the first time how to repair complex neural circuits in the whole animal can be developed with the use of light," said López-Schier.

However, the invention does not make the head of researcher complacency. He thinks that this is just the beginning.

"Now we want to investigate whether these results can be extrapolated to other than single neurons in zebrafish, for example, to more complex neural circuits of the higher animals," he explained.

Scientists can think of using this method as a future therapeutic approach for the neuropathy treatment on diabetes and other diseases. *** [EKA | FROM VARIOUS SOURCES | SCIENCEDAILY]

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The electric cigarettes just as dangerous with regular ones

The electric cigarette is often claimed to be safer than conventional cigarettes. In fact, the content in it anyway cause adverse effects to the body.

The presumption of electronic cigarettes "better" than regular cigarettes, among others because it contains no tar and do not produce smoke. The smoke of electric cigarettes is derived from the evaporated liquid flavorings.

New studies suggests e-cigarettes as harmful as regular cigarettes. (Picture from: http://bit.ly/1QryreA)

Even so, according to Dr. Frans Abednego Barus, a pulmonary specialist, said that the smoke of conventional cigarettes or electronic cigarettes just as dangerous.

"According to my assumptions, inhaling the smoke of regular cigarettes or electronic still potentially exposed to the chronic obstructive diseases, blockage or slowing the flow of air can also happen," said Frans in the seminar of Healthy Lungs for Life at the Double Tree Hotel in Jakarta on October 30, 2015.

Frans explained, the air temperature issued electronic cigarette is different from the surrounding air temperature. With high temperatures, around 60 degrees Celsius, and if the smoke inhaled will result in the inflammation that blocks the airway.

"Respiratory tract will be damaged and characterized by thickening of the airway wall. So I think regular cigarettes or electric ones are equally at risk," he said.

He added that the electronic cigarette claims more secure, but actually dangerous because it can make someone use these cigarettes because of they feel secured.

"The factor of feeling more secure that makes people addicted to electronic cigarettes and the potential of cancer will be much higher than regular cigarettes" he added.

So it is best not smoking at all. *** [EKA | FROM VARIOUS SOURCES | NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC INDONESIA]

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Genome editing technology began spreading the hopes

Dawn genome editing technology breaking. Last week, in London, the doctor announced a successful leukemia cure with genome editing technology. And, Layla Richards was the first person in the world who feel the genome editing "magic". Previously, only the mice that feel this technology.

DNA is our blueprint of life. (Picture from: http://bbc.in/1XVDt4o)

For Layla, some time ago like has been sentenced to death, when the doctor told her parents that they have lost the way to treat leukemia. But, do not want to despair, Layla's parents choose the genome editing treatment. And the doctors quick responsed. After a few months, Layla can not only smile, but also free of leukemia and she could smile at her first bithday.

How to the genome editing treatment works?

All genetic treatment based on changes in the genetic material, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), which stores all code, commands, and the key properties of the owner.

In principle, the new DNA is inserted into a cell containing DNA that are "error" resulting in certain diseases. DNA carried into the cell by a specific carrier, it could be a virus or bacteria.

Genome editing technology was tested in the bubble boy syndrome patient, a person who has a mutation in the gene IL2RG so it does not have the immune system.

The genomes of bubble boy syndrome patient successfully repaired by inserting viruses carrying "healthy" DNA. Unfortunately, the experiment was later canceled after the patients had leukemia. The problem occurs on that time, when the DNA is inserted at random so that disrupt the system and even trigger the development of cancer.

Since then, genome editing technology continues to be developed. Its main focus is precision, cutting, and pasting genes in appropriate locations. Subsequently developing the technologies of molecular scissors, Zinc, Talens, and CISPR.

The success of genome editing application against Layla trigger admiration.

Does the smiling face of Layla Richards mark a new era in genetic medicine that could change all our lives? (Picture from: http://bbc.in/1XVDt4o)

Of donors, doctors take healthy white blood cells. Talens used to manipulate the protection of anti-cancer drugs that do not attack healthy cells. Then, the viruses carrying a new healthy gene is inserted so that it can attack leukemia cells. Efforts were also ultimately fruitless.

Waseem Qasim, a doctor from Great Ormond Street Hospital, which is involved in the handling of Layla, said, "Genome editing technology moves quickly and accuracy to target certain genes areas become more efficient."

The genome editing technology has the potential to correct genetic errors that potentially wide variety of diseases. Adrian Thrasher, who is also a doctor from Great Ormond Street Hospital, told the BBC on Friday, November 5, 2015, said that genome editing technology will reach its peak in the next 10 years. *** [EKA | FROM VARIOUS SOURCES | BBC]

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BanLec, anti-viral protein of Bananas

Bananas are one of the good food from all sources of vitamins and minerals. Bananas can also overcome depression, counteracting muscle cramps, lower blood pressure and protect against heart attacks. And now, the bananas can provide a new resistance against the virus.

According to a study recently published, a protein found in banana known as lectins - or, known as BanLec - are in the process of investigation into a drug that could someday be used to fight viral infections.

A protein called BanLec, which is found in bananas, has been shown to disarm a number of aggressive viruses. (Picture from: http://bit.ly/1NxzSok)

Shown against a number of aggressive viruses, BanLec protein attached to the sugar molecule which excrete the virus from the cells, preventing infection.

But when scientists isolated a protein for therapeutic trials, BanLec also causes irritation and inflammation, so the international team relearn these proteins, identify parts that cause side effects.

A little tinkering with the genetic, they developed a version BanLec, the remaining of the anti-viral protein but without responding immune.

As reported in the journal Cell, a team of researchers said, if BanLec could be one of the first broad-spectrum antiviral agent to treat a variety of viruses, including HIV, Hepatitis and even Avian flu.

David Markovitz, Co-senior author of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, warns that you can not get the benefits of BanLec to eat a bunch of bananas.

"Remember, when you eat a banana, then the protein that does not change, the natural protein - it may be chewed by stomach acid. So we very much doubt that eating bananas will help you," said Markovitz.

Markovtiz also said the new and improved version of BanLec to be injected. Initially, Markovitz said banana protein was being investigated as a microbicide. Women can use before sex, as a cream or gel to protect them against HIV infection.

But BanLec is directed against a number of viruses, which cause them to be destroyed if they can not infect cells. At this point, Markovitz said there are no plans to conduct clinical trials in humans.

"We try to help improve the health of people, not hurt them. So, it's good to be careful where next we go. You know, we are also very ambitious to make something successful and to bring this to clinical outcomes, but we have not to there. We are still in the early stages," he said.

Sugar molecules contained in BanLec can be used as a unique strategy to combat the virus. Scientists say, if BanLec could be used to develop other antiviral drugs. *** [EKA | FROM VARIOUS SOURCES | VOA NEWS]

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Fruit Flies as the Treatments for brain conditions like Autism & Schizophrenia

Fruit flies are sometimes disturbing may hold the key to new therapies to help those with disorders of brain conditions, such as autism and schizophrenia. A group of Australian scientists studied protein of what is known as "vinegar fly". They found that fruit flies and humans have some genes in common. Not only that, there is also a relationship between genes growth and brain development.

Drosophila melanogaster, or "vinegar" fly. (Picture from: http://bit.ly/1LI6A5G)

This discovery is expected to know exactly how the human brain works. "There are about 75 per cent of fly genes similar to human genes. So many genes in flies that have the same capability with our genes," said Professor Coral Warr, one of those involved in the study.

Researchers have found that a protein in genes responsible for cell damage that is infected with a virus or cancer. The same protein in flies also serves to control the release of cells important to the growth of head and tail.

"That is really interesting, protein in humans helps the immune system if there are damaged cells being infected with the virus. Meanwhile, on the fly, this protein has no effect on their immune system, but rather the development of the head, including brain development, "said Dr. Michelle Henstridge from Monash University.

"So, we are using the fruit fly to understand the development of this protein, which could provide clues to how these proteins work in humans," he added.

So clearly, in fruit flies, these proteins do not act in the defense, and not in development. A group of related proteins in humans has been shown to be associated with brain development and brain disorders.

Need more advanced research to test this theory. However, scientists believe that the study could help explain how the same protein in humans and flies can function in human brain development, including benefits for neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism and schizophrenia.

Not only that, Professor Coral Warr hopes the findings could develop a kind of new treatments for disorders of the development of the human brain.

"If we can understand how these genes work in brain development, including brain disorders, such as autism, then we can find potential therapies and treatment," he said. *** [EKA | FROM VARIOUS SOURCES | ABC.NET.AU]

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New hope, an antibody treatment reduced levels of HIV

HIV is one of the most deadly diseases feared by many people. Now there is one bright spot, thanks to the invention of the first drug that can kill HIV cells.

HIV is a disease that attacks the body's immune system. All tissues, organs, and cells that serves to maintain our immune system will be attacked when the HIV virus enters the body.

Antibody treatment reduced levels of HIV in study participants for 28 days. (Picture from: http://bit.ly/1PmK8Bh)

The approach, called passive immunization, involves infusing antibodies into a person's blood. Several trials are under way in humans, and researchers hope that the approach could help to prevent, treat or even cure HIV. The work is a milestone towards those goals, says Anthony Fauci, director of the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases in Bethesda, Maryland. "his is an early study, but it’s a study with some impressive results," he says.

Antibodies named '3BNC117' this could kill the HIV virus, not just suppress growth. The good news, this drug also has been tested right now to humans. Researchers tested four different doses of an HIV antibody called 3BNC117 in 29 people in the United States and Germany. Seventeen of the participants had HIV, and 15 of those were not taking antiretroviral (ARV) drugs at the time of the study. One infusion of the highest dose of antibody, given to 8 participants, cut the amount of virus in their blood by between 8 and 250 times for 28 days.

In two weeks, the HIV virus in the patient's body has been reduced to 300 times less. Although this is very encouraging news, scientists do not want to fall asleep. They are still investigating whether the effect of this drug is a long-term effect or only a temporary effect. Hopefully this effect can last for a long time that people with HIV can be cured. *** [EKA | FROM VARIOUS SOURCES | NATURE]

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Scientists identified protein that may play a role in Alzheimer's

Scientists have identified a protein which they may play a major role in the development of Alzheimer's disease. In a report in the journal Science Translational Medicine, the researchers said that the brain autopsy of some Alzheimer's patients have shown high levels of a protein called GPR3.

Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia that is initially characterized by weakening of memory, up to a brain disorder in planning, reasoning, perception, and language. (Picture from: http://bit.ly/1QzeyiG)

And the experiments by eliminating the protein in mice that have a disease that shows improvement in the condition of the animal. But doctors say it needs more research is needed to see if the same results can be achieved in humans.

Patients with Alzheimer's and dementia dance inside the Alzheimer Foundation in Mexico City, April 19, 2012. (Picture from: http://bit.ly/1X8kxim)

Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of the condition known as dementia where cognitive function and memory worsens. There is no cure for this disease, the number of cases is expected to rise as the world population is getting older. *** [EKA | FROM VARIOUS SOURCES | VOA NEWS]

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This nicotine-eating bacteria may help smokers to quit smoking

People who smoke know that smoking is bad for health, but most of them are difficult to stop. To make it easier, the scientists took a novel approach, they switch to micro-organisms which thrive on nicotine.

In a scientific journal published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society, scientists describe a successful test on the enzyme decrease nicotine from a soil bacterium called Pseudomonas putida.

Dr Janda’s team analyzed a nicotine-degrading enzyme, NicA2. (Picture from: http://bit.ly/1Nko1My)

Nicotine is one of the harmful content of cigarettes to be attached to the lungs. Nicotine can damage cells in the lungs and adversely affect other organs.

Smokers who want to quit can switch to different pharmacological assistance. Including the release of nicotine candies and other products designed to replace cigarettes, and drugs which absorb nicotine in the body to prevent it from reaching the brain, but addictivity will continue.

But the success rate of this option is low. Only 15 to 30% of smokers who try it are able to quit smoking for more than one year.

Dr. Kim Janda of the Scripps Research Institute and his colleagues tried a new angle. They use an enzyme called NicA2 derived from Pseudomonas putida, a bacterium that is known to degrade the waste of tobacco.

In their experiments, NicA2, proteins containing flavin, managed to ruin all of nicotine in the blood samples within 30 minutes.

It also remained stable for more than three weeks in a buffer solution, at least three days in serum. Rats were given the enzyme did not show any side effects.

"We have done the enzyme kinetic profiles and have found that NicA2 has many qualities necessary for the utilization of smoking cessation therapy, or nicotine poisoning," said Dr. Janda. *** [EKA | FROM VARIOUS SOURCES | SCI-NEWS.COM]

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Scientists have identified two genes that 'shut down' HIV virus

A group of scientists have identified a gene that can inactivate HIV-1. These findings suggest a promising new strategy to combat the virus that causes AIDS.

In two of their studies, the scientists found that the host cell membrane protein called SERINC5 and SERINC3 greatly reduces the virulence of HIV-1 by blocking the ability of the virus to infect new cells.

HIV-1 virion. (Picture from: http://bit.ly/1WVOQZG)

"It's amazing the amount of this protein effect on infectivity. Protein SERINC reduce the infectivity of HIV-1 virions more than 100-fold, "said Prof. Jeremy Luban of University of Massachusetts Medical School. 

Disrupting this mechanism can be a powerful strategy for treating HIV and similar viruses that express the Nef protein.

Both of these studies use very different methodologies, but complementary. Both reveal a complex interaction between the HIV-1 Nef protein and cell surface membrane proteins SERINC5 and SERINC3, which are both expressed in T cells of the immune system.

Scientists show parallel sequencing on 31 different human cell lines in terms of large dependence on Nef for the replication of HIV-1.

They also approached the problem of biochemistry. By doing proteomic analysis of purified virions, they were able to identify host cell proteins are regulated by Nef.

"It has been known for more than 20 years that Nef is needed to make HIV-1, the deadly virus. Our new study may ultimately give us an important glimpse of how Nef might do this," said Prof. Luban.

HIV-1 consists of nine genes. To replicate the genome, the virus needs a host cell. Once the virus infects a cell, it will take over certain cellular processes so that it can replicate itself.

Ultimately, the infected host cells to produce new virions which carry the HIV-1 genome. These virions will then search for new cells to infect, continuing the cycle of infection.

Nef, one of the nine major HIV protein, induces a number of changes in host cells that enhance the ability of the virus to infect new cells.
One task is to absorb SERINC3 Nef and SERINC 5, so that the cellular protein can not reach the cell surface and can not join the newly formed virions.

In the absence of Nef, virions will join SERINC3 and SERINC5 protein into the viral sheath when they leave the host cells, making them unable to infect a new cell targets.

"These virions can attach itself to a target host cells, but the genome of HIV-1 can not pass through the veil of viral when there SERINC3 and SERINC5. Somehow, this protein can inhibit the release of the viral genome, which essentially prevent the spread of the virus, "explains Prof. Gottlinger.

Scientists say that the effect of anti-retroviral from SERINC seems to reach all retroviruses and may turn into a universal. *** [EKA | FROM VARIOUS SOURCES | SCI-NEWS.COM]

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Discovered a miracle drug as a substitute for sports

Good news for fitness enthusiasts but was unable to do sports. Now there are pills that can help achieve the dream. According to a study published in the journal "Cell Metabolism and Trends in Pharmacological Sciences", some scientists are getting completed in creating an "exercise pill".

As quoted by the People on October 7, 2015, the researchers at the University of Sydney studied four healthy men but not the usual practice of physical, then they are given exercises with high intensity. The result, the researchers revealed the existence of 1,000 molecular changes that occur when a person perform physical exercise.

Scientists create blueprint for developing ‘exercise pill’ that promises to transform your workout. (Picture from: http://sciof.us/1IdRL6F)

One of the authors of papers together, Dr. Nolan Hoffman, said, "For a long time scientists suspect physical training causes a complex sequence of a number of changes in the muscles of man. This is the first time we managed to describe what is really happening. "

"This is an important breakthrough, because it allows researchers to use the information generated in designing drugs that can mimic the beneficial changes due to physical training," he added.

This study proves that unlike most other drugs that target molecule by molecule, their designs pill would target a number of molecules at once. "Our research has provided direction to make it", said Professor David James, the head of research.

But they were physically able to practice do not get too excited yet, said Ismael Laher. He is a professor at the University of British Columbia and also become one of the authors of the second paper titled "Exercise Pills: At the Starting Line".

He said that the pills will be more suitable for those who are unable to practice as prevalent, such as those who suffered amputation or stroke patients.

Ismail Laher said to the Washington Post, "I need to clarify here that there is no other way to replace exercise routine with this pill. Physical exercise raises the heart rate, speed up blood circulation, and it all can not be achieved using exercises pills ... but for a group of people who I mean, this is the best. "

Well, don't be lazy!! Sports activities remains an important thing for Our healthy life. *** [EKA | FROM VARIOUS SOURCES | PEOPLE | WASHINGTON POST]

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These fruits can kill the cancer quickly

This incredible news quickly spread throughout the world and gives great hope for millions of people. The scientists managed to find an anti-cancer drug that is natural and effective. This discovery occurred by an accident. Whatever it is, of course, these findings are very encouraging.

Australian scientists on verge of cancer cure with cancer fighting berry. (Picture from: http://bit.ly/1KfkMCy)

The scientists discovered that these fruits can kill tumor carcinogen by using the drug EBC-46  is made from the seeds of the fruit of Blushwood plant (Hylandia Dockrillii). The fruit of this plant can kill many types of cancer very quickly. Even from 75 percent of cases, the cancer is known never be back.

Blushwood (pictured) is the plant where the cancer fighting berries are sourced. Scientists from an experimental drug produced by the seeds of the plant have been used to cure cancer tumors in pre clinical trials. (Picture from: http://dailym.ai/1pgPO0x)

Blushwood plant is a very rare that can only be grown in certain areas in the northern part of Australia. This invention is obtained from the results of the study for eight years by a group of scientists from QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute in Brisbane, Australia. The study was led by Dr. Glen Boyle.

The study led by Dr Glen Boyle (pictured) found a single injection of the drug EBC-46 led to rapid breakdown of a range of tumors which could be effective in human patients. (Picture from: http://dailym.ai/1pgPO0x)

EBC-46 is a compound extracted from the fruit of the Blushwood plant, and has so far been used in 300 animals, including cats, dogs and horses. No side effects, but that makes scientists are amazed how quickly compound these pieces work. Drugs of this fruit reacts in just five minutes and the tumor disappeared within a few days.

EBC-46 (pictured) is the compound extracted from the berry of the Blushwood tree which is found in Far North Queensland. (Picture from: http://dailym.ai/1pgPO0x)

"This compound works by three basic ways to kill tumor cells directly, cutting off blood supply and also activates the immune system to clean up the mess left behind. The surprising thing for us and it was very rare to encounter is the speed of this happening," said Dr Boyle.

Dr Boyle hopes, the fruit compound is only used for tumors that can be accessed through direct injection. But this would not be an effective treatment for metastatic cancer types, therefore, be accompanied by chemotherapy and radiation treatment. *** [EKA | FROM VARIOUS SOURCES | DAILY MAIL]

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Watching TV for too long can be fatal

Watching a movie or television episode once it has become an exciting hobby for many people. But you must be careful because a recent study in Japan found that watching television for too long can kill you.

Watching three hours of more television each day may increase the risk of early death. (Picture from: http://bit.ly/1gkWFaI)

18-year-long study involving more than 86,000 people revealed that they were sitting too long in a day watching television have a higher risk of dying from pulmonary embolism, which is a sudden blockage or blood clot in one of the arteries of the lungs.

According to the Mayo Clinic, in many cases of pulmonary embolism caused by blood clots that flow to the lungs, most of the foot, but occasionally from other parts of the body. Other health problems have been associated with sitting for too long, including obesity, heart disease, diabetes and some cancers.

According to this latest research, people who watch television more than five hours a day twice as likely to experience fatal pulmonary embolism than those who watch with a span of only 2.5 hours.

According to the study's lead author, Toru Shirakawa, who is also a public health researcher at Osaka University in Japan, we should not just sit there while watching television in a long time. Interspersed with marching in place or standing. Also, do not forget to drink to avoid dehydration.

In addition to the activity of watching television, playing computer games too long also calls associated with death from pulmonary embolism. The findings are presented at the annual congress of the European Society of Cardiology in London. *** [EKA | FROM VARIOUS SOURCES | TELEGRAPH]

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The first 3D printing ribs implanted to human's chest

An Australian government research agency, CSIRO, in collaboration with the 3D printing technology company, Anatomics designed a titanium ribs to help cancer patients. The thing that makes it unique was for the first time a titanium ribs printed using a sophisticated 3D printing process, then implanted to human's chest cavity.

This image shows the front of 3-D printed titanium sternum and ribs. The sternum (the central piece) and the rib cages emanating from it, have been designed using precise scans to perfectly fit in the patient’s chest after he had sections removed. (Picture from: http://bit.ly/1ijw9Ay)

Quoting from the official news of CSIRO on Friday, September 11, 2015, explained that a 54-year-old Spanish man with cancer in the chest cavity and the ribs, known as the chest wall sarcoma-- must remove his sternum and a portion of his rib cage and replace it with an implant.

The composition of the ribs in the chest cavity has a complex geometric shape, so that the implant and a traditional flat plate mounted become loose over time. The surgical team, Dr José Aranda, Dr Marcelo Jimene and Dr Gonzalo Varela from Salamanca University Hospital, knew the surgery would be difficult due to the complicated geometries involved in the chest cavity to filed a 3D printed ribs implant.

Here’s how the 3D printed sternum and rib cage fit inside the patient’s body. (Picture from: http://bit.ly/1ijw9Ay)

According to Andrew Batty, CEO of Anatomics, who offers a solution with the use of 3D printing in metal. He said, "We want a 3D printing to the titanium implant because of the design, which is quite complicated. After consideration, Anatomics request assistance to the CSIRO's 3D printing facility, Lab 22 in Melbourne, Australia."

Lab 22 will print the artificial rib layer by layer using a 3D printer metals. The printing machines worth more than $1.3 million made by Arcam using the electron spray for mold making.

Alex Kingsbury from CSIRO's manufacturing team said, "The printer works by directing an electron beam at a bed of titanium powder in order to melt it. This process is then repeated, building the product up layer-by-layer until you have a complete implant.

Once complete, the breastbone (sternum) and ribs sent to Spain and implanted into the patient's chest cavity. Finally, surgery was successfully performed by physicians and patients reportedly discharged from the hospital 12 days later. *** [EKA | FROM VARIOUS SOURCES | CSIRO NEWS | EUREKALERT!]
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