Want to solve the Martian mystery, ESA launched a mission

The European Space Agency (ESA) is ready to launch the ExoMars mission to look for traces of methane in the Red Planet. The move is beginning to solve the 'mystery' of the existence of a number of gases in the Martian atmosphere.

An artist's impression of the satellite will release the lander three days out from Mars. (Picture from: http://bit.ly/1Q1BxEU)

In addition, the mission will also launch the Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) to the surface of Mars to find out what technology is needed for the second mission of ExoMars in 2019 that will bring the rover (a type of automatic vehicle) to Mars. The TGO which has a weighs of 3.7 tons was equipped with technology that can collect data on the Martian atmosphere gas, mainly methane

Since approved by the ESA in 2005, the mission with the main objective to seek the biological heritage of extraterrestrial life in the past and now it has faced a long journey, even nearly stopped.

However, to Mars project worth 1.3 billion euros, or around Rp. 19 trillion was finally able to continue after the Russian Space Agency (Roscosmos) join following the American out of the mission.

Vincenzo Georgio, a senior director of Thales Alenia Space (the prime contractor of ExoMars mission) revealed that the satellite is ready. Although it had appeared the problem of funding and politics, we are working very hard, seven days a week, three shifts. And see the results now, Mars is more alive.

From previous studies, the concentration of methane on Mars, low and sporadic. However, the fact that there is methane on Mars alone, considered by many researchers has been very interesting.

The reason is simple organic molecules, such as methane, are very easily destroyed in the Martian atmosphere were rude. So the existence of consistent indicate a continuous production of the gas.

This can be explained geologically possibility: methane on Mars is a byproduct of the interaction between water and rock mineral at a certain depth.

Even so, it was likely methane in Mars was 'biological' produced because the Earth is mostly methane derived from living organisms. And it's not unusual if one is predicting, microbes on the Red Planet also emit methane.

"We are very excited to confirm the predictions," said ExoMars scientist, Jorge Vago as reported by the BBC on Thursday, November 26, 2015.

"Despite the correct explanation, geologically or biologically, if methane is found below the surface of Mars, meaning require running water. Although only discovered this fact, Mars will feel more 'alive'."

The TGO planned to be taken to the launch site at the Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan in mid-December to be launched on March 14, 2016. The unit is expected to arrive at Mars in mid October 2016. *** [EKA | FROM VARIOUS SOURCES | BBC]

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Mars may have a ring someday

Millions of years from now, Mars may have ring like Saturn because of the destruction of its moon, Phobos, which then forms a ring of dust.

"One of the main factors for Phobos crash into Mars or lose power. When Phobos is too weak to withstand the pressure of the waves, we think it's going to break," says a graduate student at the University of California, Tushar Mittal, who is also one of the authors of the study in the journal Nature Geoscience, on LiveScience.

An artist's impression of a ring around Mars, formed by its tiny moon Phobos. (Picture from: http://bit.ly/1Opg6xE)

As known that Mars has two moons called Phobos and Deimos, are named after the children of the god Ares, the Greek counterpart to Mars, the Roman god of war. Phobos circling the Red Planet rapidly and rises every day Mars. The moon moved closer to its parent, 2 meters in a century, previous studies estimated that the moon will crash into the surface of Mars in 30-50 million years.

Phobos, moon of Mars, visible crossed the orbit of the sun at sol (Martian days) 37 or September 13, 2012 in a handout photo from the NASA's Martian rover Curiosity. (Picture from: http://bit.ly/1YCu426)

However, after studying the pressure on Phobos Mars, Tushar Mittal and Benjamin Black, a graduate researcher of University of California Berkeley seeing different conditions: Phobos will be destroyed by the gravity of Mars.

On Earth, the Moon's gravity causes a tidal wave and tidal rise in the sea. Although there is no sea in the Moon, the Earth's gravity on the Moon is also called a "power surge".

Phobos, and the other moons in the solar system, also felt the wave of its parent planet. After comparing with several satellites, Black and Mittal found that Phobos is made of porous rock which damaged up to the inside.

After studying the Martian pressure waves to Phobos, they discovered that the moon will be broken within 20-40 million years ago to form a ring of dust around the Red planet. *** [EKA | FROM VARIOUS SOURCES | LIVESCIENCE]

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Finally revealed, the alleged usurper the Martian atmosphere

Long ago, Mars is believed to have a thick atmosphere and quite rich in oxygen. But now, the gas layer is lost, or at least very little left.

The astrophysicists believe that the atmosphere of the red planet was seized. In a recent study, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) revealed that the suspect usurper atmosphere of Mars that is its own parent star, the Sun.

MAVEN Spacecraft orbiting Mars in Artist's Conception. (Picture from: http://www.space.com/)

The fact was revealed by the research vehicle for Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution Mission (MAVEN) orbiting Mars since September 21, 2014 last.

MAVEN dive into the atmosphere of Mars is now live 1 percent from the previous and analyze the phenomenon that occurs when a solar storm struck.

An artist's impression of a solar storm hitting Mars and stripping ions from its upper atmosphere. (Picture from: http://bbc.in/1iMKRza)

Solar storms that carry charged particles will trigger the formation of the electric field in the atmosphere of Mars, making the ions in the atmosphere of the red planet is accelerating motion.

That process eventually make ion and the building blocks of the Martian atmosphere immediately kicked into space or transformed into another form before eventually disappear.

The types of rocks at Mars are proof that the planet once had a lot of water moving across its surface. (Picture from: http://bbc.in/1iMKRza)

Jasper Halekas of the University of Iowa who involved with the MAVEN research project said, the loss of Mars's atmosphere does not happen suddenly but through the process of 4.5 billion years.

"We found that there are approximately 100 grams of the atmosphere is lost every second," said Halekas as quoted by the BBC on Thursday, November 5, 2015.

Scientists also specifically examined the effects coronal mass ejection (CME) that hit Mars this year. Coronal mass ejection is an explosion streams of charged particles that move faster than ordinary solar storms.

When a coronal mass ejection that struck Mars, the speed is 10-20 times faster and more capable of seizing the atmosphere.

Halekas said solar storm in the early days of the solar system more vicious than this time so as to seize more atmosphere.

"It shows not only that the atmosphere of Mars continues seized the moment and all the time, but also that most of the atmosphere has been lost in the early days of Mars," said Halekas.

if Mars has a magnetic field shields, the solar storm will not be able to seize the atmosphere. Unfortunately, "dynamo" that make up the Martian magnetic field shields do not work a few million years after the birth.

Fortunately, up to now have the Earth's magnetic field. Otherwise, the Earth will be deprived of oxygen and slowly we will become extinct. Has a magnetic field, the solar storm would trigger the appearance of a beautiful phenomenon, aurora. *** [EKA | FROM VARIOUS SOURCES | BBC]
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Allegedly, in Pluto there are volcanoes spewing ice

In the "Heart" of Pluto saves a mysterious phenomenon. Scientists strongly suspect that it is a volcano that is strange because not emit hot lava, but the mountain spewed ice!

'Nothing like this has ever been seen in the outer solar system,' said NASA scientists studying mountains on Pluto. (Picture from: http://bit.ly/1iSUOLm)

Alleged ice volcanoes on Pluto was revealed by Oliver White, a researcher of National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), at the annual meeting of the Division of Planetary Sciences, Astronomy Association of America on Monday, November 9, 2015, in California.

The phenomenon of suspected ice volcanoes was revealed through the data analysis of New Horizons spacecraft passing near Pluto in July 2015 ago. If this analysis is correct, there are two ice volcanoes on Pluto. 

This artist's impression of NASA's New Horizons spacecraft encountering Pluto and its largest moon, Charon, is seen in a NASA image from July 2015. (Picture from: http://bit.ly/1RvzXhj)

Each informally named Wright Mons and Piccard Mons, located on the southern boundary of the heart-shaped area, called Sputnik Planum. Wright Mons has a height of about 1.6 kilometers, while the Piccard Mons about 5.6 kilometers. The diameter of each mountain 160 kilometers.

Image of Wright Mons on Pluto. (Picture from: http://bit.ly/1MJZL0N)

At the top of the mountain, there is a similar crater basins, such as those found on Mars and Earth. There, astronomers discovered a phenomenon such as traces of the eruption, hints of volcanic activity.

If the material emitted by volcanoes on Earth are rocks and mud, the volcano in Pluto erupted water, nitrogen, ammonia, and methane in the form of ice.

"There is no such phenomenon is found in the outer solar system," White said as quoted by The Guardian on Monday. The idea of ​​the existence of volcanoes on Pluto does sound crazy. Because the dwarf planet has a distance of 30 times the distance Earth-Moon, Pluto should not receive enough heat energy to support the volcanic activity.

However, the ice volcano is the most reasonable explanation of phenomena that exist. "Whatever it will still sound strange," said White.

In addition to finding an ice volcano, New Horizon also revealed the existence of a fault in the area along 322 kilometers. The upper part of the fault is 4 kilometers higher than surrounding areas. "The fact that there are many major faults in Pluto indicates that the crust undergo extension in its history," said White.

Scientists suspect, the radioactive activity of Pluto nucleus becomes a source of heat for geological activity. Now, the New Horizons spacecraft continues its journey to exploring the world of Kuiper Belt. And 2019, the spacecraft will pass close to one of the objects there. *** [EKA | FROM VARIOUS SOURCES | THE GUARDIAN]

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Scientists discover 'Planet' Without the Sun

An object like a planet named 'PSO J318.5-22,' regarded as one of the most curious findings. With nearly the size of Jupiter, it floats freely out on its own in space.

By using a telescope in Chile, the University of Edinburgh astronomers to show the planet was covered with a thin layer of clouds and thick. The clouds were detected there reportedly is made of molten liquid iron. And scientists estimate it was only about 20 million years, also those 'Planet' does not have the sun.

Artist's impression of PSO J318.5-22. (Picture from: http://bbc.in/1ktV055)

Without the glare of the parent star (sun), the research team was able to measure variations in the brightness of the object accurately. They estimated the temperature inside the cloud exceeds 800 degrees Celsius. Its cloud consisting of hot dust and molten iron.

Located at 18,400 feet above sea level in Chile's Atacama Desert, the Edinburgh University astronomers make sunless planet discoveries. (Picture from: http://bit.ly/1Sy0bN0)

"These findings show how the clouds exist everywhere, including planets and planet-like objects," said Dr. Beth Biller of physics and astronomy faculty of the University of Edinburgh as quoted by the BBC, on Friday, November 6, 2015.

"We are trying to use a (measurements) technique to giant planets around young stars, and eventually we will detect the weather on Earth-like planets that may support life." The findings are published in The Astrophysical Journal. *** [EKA | FROM VARIOUS SOURCES | BBC]

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Oxygen turned out really exist in the Comet

The presence of oxygen in the comet is not groundless. In a publication in the journal Nature on Wednesday, October 28, 2015 revealed that the oxygen is really present in the comet.

The face of comet 67P Churyumov-Gerasimenko photographed by Rosetta spacecraft on August 3, 2014. The comet-shaped looks like a duck. (Picture from: http://bit.ly/1GD38up)

The ESA's Rosetta spacecraft.  
(Picture from:  http://en.wikipedia.org/)

The presence of oxygen in the comet was revealed thanks to the analysis conducted by scientists at the data from the Rosetta, a spacecraft which flew along with the robot Philae to browse the world of comets.

Since October 2014 and, Rosetta spacecraft passing near the Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. Those spacecraft were also landed a robot the size of a washing machine named Philae on its surface.

Still image from animation of Philae separating from Rosetta and descending to the surface of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, Nov. 2014. (Picture from: http://bit.ly/1NpsM4h)

With the help of the Rosina instrument on Rosetta spacecraft, scientists analyzed coma or comet dust. They find oxygen in free form in addition contained in water vapor, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide.

The atmosphere around Comet 67P may force a rethink on the formation of the Solar System. (Picture from: http://bbc.in/1Hi9Qkl)

The discovery of free oxygen was very surprising. Kathrin Altwegg from Bern University who participated in the research said that, at first scientists thought the research data is wrong.

Oxygen was the fourth most common element found near the comet. (Picture from: http://bbc.in/1Hi9Qkl)

"When we look at the data the first time, we were a bit deny because the results are not in accordance with what is expected to be found in a comet," she said.

That's because oxygen is a molecule which easily reacts with other elements. These results indicate that oxygen is formed in the early solar system and trapped in the comet material.

"This is the most surprising discovery that we managed to make today," said Altwegg as quoted by the BBC on Wednesday, October 28, 2015.

Current theory says, the solar system was formed with the full "violence". The formation process of heating the oxygen contained in hail and make it react with other elements.

However, with this discovery, the formation of the solar system may not "as hard" as previously thought. The process may be more "peaceful" and "gentle". *** [EKA | FROM VARIOUS SOURCES | BBC]

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Scientists found the alcohol producer comet

If there were a special spacecraft, thousands of liters of wine can be transported on Lovejoy comet to Earth. The space researchers found that comet Lovejoy produce the ethyl alcohol-a type of alcohol that is the same as that contained in the liquor. The findings of this alcohol is the first time in a comet.

This is a picture of the comet C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy) on 22 Feb. 2015. (Picture from: http://bit.ly/1i7Dhib)

These findings add to a row of evidence that comets sometimes a source of complex organic molecules necessary to become the raw material of life.

Nicolas Biver of the Paris Observatory, France, and also the lead author of a study published in the Science Advances journal, saying, "We found that the comet Lovejoy spread much alcohol at least 500 bottles of wine every second during its peak activity."

NDTV reported in the October 25, 2015, the team also found 21 different organic molecules in the form of gas emanating from the comet, including ethyl alcohol and glikoaldehid-a form of simple sugars.

Comets are frozen dregs of the formation of our solar system. Scientists interested in it because it could be said the comet is still pure and therefore have a clue about how the solar system was formed.

Most comets do orbit away from the Sun. However, sometimes there is interference caused by the force of gravity closer to the comet toward the Sun. When closer to the Sun, the comet becomes hotter and release various types of gas. Thus, scientists can determine the composition of the material in the comet.

Comet Lovejoy was officially registered as C/2014 Q2 and is one of the brightest and most active after the comet Hale-Bopp (1997). Comet Lovejoy passes closest to the Sun on January, 30 while releasing water at a rate of 20 tons per second. The team observed the comet's atmosphere when it is in a state of the brightest and most active.

They observed the glow of microwaves coming from the comet and monitored by radio teleksop diameter of 30 meters at Pico Veleta in the Sierra Nevada mountains in Spain.

The latest equipment is able to perform an analysis of a wider range of frequencies simultaneously, so that the team can determine the type and number of different molecules in the comet in just a short observation. Some researchers speculate that the comet collision on primordial earth bring supply organic molecules that might have helped the origin of life.

Findings with complex organic molecules in comet Lovejoy and a number of others to give support to this allegation. Stefanie Millam of the Goddard Space Flight Center of NASA and co-author of the paper said, "This result strongly supports the idea that comets have very complex chemistry. *** [EKA | FROM VARIOUS SOURCES | SCIENCEDAILY]

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New Horizons uncover the mysterious moon of Pluto

New Horizons spacecraft belonging to the US space agency (National Aeronautics and Space Administration/NASA) taking pictures of a very small Pluto moon and send it to Earth this week, and complete the Pluto's moon family portrait.

Kerberos moon looks smaller than the estimates of scientists and highly reflective surface, opposite to the predictions before the spacecraft crossed Pluto in July.

This artist's impression of NASA's New Horizons spacecraft encountering Pluto and its largest moon, Charon, is seen in a NASA image from July 2015. (Picture from: http://bit.ly/1RvzXhj)

"Once again, we surprised by Pluto system," said Hal Weaver, a New Horizons project scientist from the Applied Physics Laboratory of Johns Hopkins University in Laurel, Maryland.

Kerberos has a double lobe shape and may be the result of a coming together of two objects. (Picture from: http://bbc.in/1KwdtmG)

New data obtained from New Horizons on October 20, 2015 indicates that Kerberos has seen two curves of the curve is greater latitudes of about eight kilometers and a smaller one of about five kilometers. Members of the scientific team speculated that the unusual shape that Kerberos can be formed from a blend of two small objects.

Kerberos surface reflectivity similar to another Pluto's small moons (approaching 50 percent) and strongly suspect Kerberos, like the others, webbed ice water is relatively clean.

Charon (at bottom) is by far the biggest satellite in the system with a diameter of 1,212km. (Picture from: http://bbc.in/1KwdtmG)

Before New Horizons spacecraft encounter with the Pluto, the researchers used images from the Hubble space telescope to "measure" Kerberos by measuring its gravitational influence on its neighboring moons.

It influence which surprisingly strong, given the Kerberos very dim. They theorized that Kerberos is relatively large and massive, dimmed only because of its surface covered dark matter.

But small Kerberos with bright surface which is now revealed in new images show that the idea was not true, for reasons not yet understood. These new datas will bring a better understanding of the Pluto satellite system which is very interesting. *** [EKA | FROM VARIOUS SOURCES | BBC]

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The photos reveal the new data of Jupiter

The pictures released by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) revealed much new information about the largest planet in our solar system, namely Jupiter.

NASA's Hubble Space Telescope. 
 (Picture from: http://imagine-hawaii.com/)

Taken by the Hubble telescope, the photographs showed a rare wave in the northern part of the planet's equator. NASA said it also discovered a kind of very thin fibers in the core part of the famous Great Red Spot on the planet. Great Red Spot is a storm that is thought to have been rotating in Jupiter's atmosphere for more than 400 years.

"Every time we observe Jupiter, we always felt there was something exciting is happening there," said Amy Simon, a planetary researcher at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, in a statement.

Jupiter's famous Giant Red Spot is seen in this image from the Hubble Space Telescope. (Picture from: http://bit.ly/1Pl6q86)

One other images, which were made with the Wide Field Camera 3 on the Hubble telescope, showing successive rotation giant planet so scientists can measure the wind speed there.

In Jupiter’s North Equatorial Belt, scientists spotted a rare wave that had been seen there only once before. It is similar to a wave that sometimes occurs in Earth’s atmosphere when cyclones are forming. This false-color close-up of Jupiter shows cyclone. (Picture from: http://bit.ly/1Pl6q86)

New photos also revealed that the Great Red Spot on Jupiter were dwindling and increasingly round. The pivot point of the red giant is now 240 kilometers shorter than last year, said NASA.

The movement of Jupiter’s clouds can be seen by comparing the first map to the second one. Zooming in on the Great Red Spot at blue (left) and red (right) wavelengths reveals a unique filamentary feature not previously seen. (Picture from: http://bit.ly/1Pl6q86)

That point is now leaning more orange than red. For the first time, researchers saw a kind of thin fibers are spun in that point. According to the photos, the fiber was formed by wind speed above 150 meters per second.

These photos are part of NASA's annual collection of photos that they hope can help scientists study the planets change. NASA also is collecting photographs of Neptune and Uranus, and Saturn will, as part of the Outer Planet Atmospheres Legacy program of the agency. *** [EKA | FROM VARIOUS SOURCES | VOA NEWS]

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NASA's robotic rover found the evidence of Martian ancient lake

Various unique phenomenon one by one has been found on Mars. The latest is when Curiosity, a NASA's robotic rover found evidence of a lake in the past on the red planet.

As reported by Reuters on Monday, October 12, 2015, three years after landed on the Martian giant crater, NASA's robotic rover found evidence that the basin was repeatedly filled with water, and this evidence strengthens the possibility of life on Mars.

NASA's Curiosity Martian rover in
the surface of Mars. (Picture from:
http://altadena.patch.com/)

The researchers provide the most comprehensive overview of how the Gale Crater, an ancient basin with a width of 140 kilometers was formed and left mounds of sediment that stands as tall as five kilometers to the bottom of the crater. While at the beginning of its mission, Curiosity also been found remnants of river gravel and sediment from shallow lakes.

Recent research published in the Science journal suggests that the bottom of the crater up from time to time, the results of the sediment settled, layer by layer, which may have lasted thousands of years, said John Grotsinger, a geologist at the California Institute of Technology.

"We know that there was a lake in there, but we have not got a clue how big," said Grotzinger.

The water from the northern part of the crater regularly fills the basin, produces durable lakes that could be a place to live. Scientists suspect the water comes from rain or snow.

A self-portrait of the Mars rover Curiosity is seen in this February 3, 2013. (Picture from: http://reut.rs/18y7ZpZ)

"If someone finds evidence of the existence of lakes, it is a very positive sign for life," he continued. Scientists have learned that Mars has all the ingredients that are considered essential for life. But exactly how Mars could support surface waters last long remains a mystery.

The planet is said to have lost the global magnetic field allows solar radiation and cosmic, gradually eliminate the protection of the atmosphere. These conditions can vaporize the liquid quickly, so the presence of water there is still a big question mark.

Grotzinger said, "If you have a body of standing water resistant for hours to days without boiling, it was a very big surprise."

According to the researchers, the latest computer models show a kind of Martian atmospheric blanket that can be thick enough to support the lakes last long. Allegedly Mars has the greenhouse gases or other chemicals that are now gone.

Last week, other scientists published the results of research that shows if the droplets of salty water flowing seasonally on Mars, carving toward the cliff wall along the equator. While the source of the water is still not to be found. *** [EKA | FROM VARIOUS SOURCES | REUTERS]

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SpaceIL the first of the 16 teams signed the Google Moon Rover deal

An Israeli non-profit company, SpaceIL has announced that it became the first company to obtain a contract from the Google Lunar XPRIZE to launch a spacecraft to the Moon.

Through the Google Lunar XPRIZE project, Google held a contest for anyone who is able to send spacecraft to the Moon Space. Google provides a total of 30 million dollars The real prize of US. $30 million prize itself divided into several criteria.

An artist's rendering of the SpaceIL lunar spacecraft. The probe could become the first privately-funded craft to land on the Moon. (Picture from: http://bit.ly/1VEC98e)

Each team, company or organization that wants to be involved in the competition and won the $20 million (first prize) must qualify include:

1. 90% of the manufacturing cost of spacecraft should come from the private pockets or from the private sector. So it should not be funded by the Government.
2. The spacecraft itself should be able to transmit HD Video and Image of the Moon to the Earth.
3. During the Moon, the spacecraft must be at least roam as far as 500 meters.

The next prize for the 2nd winner worth $5 million. And $5 million again will be distributed to each team judged to meet certain requirements of the project.

SpaceIL has released details of its latest design concept. (Picture from: http://usat.ly/1RJgqqd)

SpaceIL itself was formed in 2010 and became the first team to get this project contacts. If SpaceIL successfully launched their spacecraft to the moon, then they will become the first private funded organization that sent a spacecraft to the Moon.

The Falcon ride is actually booked with an intermediary, Spaceflight Industries, which has a contract with SpaceX . (Picture from: http://usat.ly/1RJgqqd)

Another team that got the contract, will also launch their own spacecraft to the Moon. This project should be completed by the end of 2017. So all the teams are chosen to be launching their spacecraft before the end of 2017. SpaceIL rides will be launched by the SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket. *** [EKA | FROM VARIOUS SOURCES | SPACEIL | NEW YORK DAILY NEWS]

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Pluto has a blue sky and water

NASA re-create the public by surprise. This time the US space agency announced that Pluto has a blue sky and water. The announcement was revealed after the New Horizons spacecraft provide the latest images to Earth.

This artist's impression of NASA's New Horizons spacecraft encountering Pluto and its largest moon, Charon, is seen in a NASA image from July 2015. (Picture from: http://bit.ly/1RvzXhj)

It is for the first time a planet farthest from the solar system, located in the Kuiper belt were observed in such detail. "Who would have thought there is a blue sky in the Kuiper Belt? This is really amazing," said Alan Stern, New Horizons team leader as quoted of ABC on Friday, October 9, 2015.

Along with the announcement of the latest findings, NASA also released the latest images of blue gas layer that surrounds Pluto. The blue sky is actually owned by the Earth. This is the result of sunlight mixes with a little bit of nitrogen gas.

"At Pluto, a blue circle appear larger - but still relatively small compared to the Earth, soot-like particles called tholins," said Carly Howett, one of the science research team members.

NASA has released an image showing a blue layer of haze around Pluto. (Picture from: http://ab.co/1P5bMEq)

In addition, the second findings are quite important found on Pluto, ie the latest image from the unmanned spacecraft has found a lot of water droplets freeze at the dwarf planet.

Scientists have been able to map the signatures of water ice on various parts of Pluto's surface. (Picture from: http://bit.ly/1R3isQP)

By using a device called a mapper spectral composition, scientists have been able to map the ice-water mark in various parts of the planet's surface.

"A larger overlay of Pluto did not show entirely exposed to water ice. It is possible covered by other substances, the ice here is estimated to be volatile," said Jason Cook, one of the science research team members.

"Understanding why the water appear in different locations is a challenge that we must dig deeper," he added. Areas that appear to contain the most water ice are also visible red light in recent color picture of Pluto.

The areas that seem to contain the most water ice also appear bright red in recent colour images. (Picture from: http://ab.co/1P5bMEq)

"I am surprised that this ice water looks red," said Silvia Protopapa, one of the science research team members. "We do not understand the relationship between ice water and dye tholin redness on the surface of Pluto."

Scientists had previously reported seeing glaciers flowing nitrogen ice on the surface of Pluto. On July 14, 2015, New Horizons, becoming the first spacecraft passes Pluto. This unmanned spacecraft will continue to send data back to Earth until the end of next year. And NASA said the spacecraft is in good condition and be around 5 billion kilometers from Earth. *** [EKA | FROM VARIOUS SOURCES | ABC]

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